More recently, there has been an increasing interest to use and extend our understanding of the brain in attempts to improve intelligence via brain stimulation ( Enriquez-Geppert, Huster, & Herrmann, 2013).ĭue to the social relevance of gf, the issue was raised whether there is a way to increase it through training or stimulation. A review of relevant findings by Neubauer and Fink (2009) further suggests that neural efficiency is restricted to tasks of low to moderate task difficulty, whereas highly able individuals may even invest more cortical resources in very difficult tasks (see also, Dunst et al., 2014). It posits that more intelligent people use their brain resources more efficiently as compared to less intelligent individuals in terms of lower brain activation ( Haier et al., 1988) or faster neural transmission time ( Stelmack, Knott, & Beauchamp, 2003). Another important theory is the neural efficiency hypothesis. The parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence (P-FIT Jung & Haier, 2007) postulates a four-phase information processing model which highlights the importance of frontal and parietal brain areas and the associated communication patterns between those. Neurophysiological models of intelligence emphasize the role of the fronto-parietal-network. There is a long-standing research tradition to investigate the neural bases of intelligence (e.g., Ertl & Schafer, 1969 Stelmack & Houlihan, 1995). Intelligence is associated with diverse relevant real-life outcomes such as educational accomplishment, occupational performance, and even health ( Deary, 2012). These findings corroborate the functional role of left parietal theta activity in fluid reasoning and are in line with the neural efficiency hypothesis. Complemental ROI analyses revealed a tendency towards lower activation in the left inferior parietal cortex. Whole-brain analyses showed that left parietal brain stimulation was accompanied by lower activation in task-irrelevant brain areas. ![]() Results showed that theta tACS significantly increased fluid intelligence performance when working on difficult items in the matrices test no effect was observed for the visuo-spatial paper folding test. Stimulation-induced brain activation changes were recorded during task processing using fMRI. In a double-blind sham-controlled experiment, N = 20 participants worked on two intelligence tasks (matrices and paper folding) after theta tACS was applied to the left parietal cortex. In an attempt to extend and replicate these findings, we combined theta tACS with fMRI. ![]() Previous findings showed that left parietal theta tACS leads to a transient increase in fluid reasoning performance. This study investigated the influence of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on fluid intelligence performance and corresponding brain activation. The past decades have witnessed a huge interest in uncovering the neural bases of intelligence (e.g., Stelmack, & Houlihan, 1995 Stelmack, Knott, & Beauchamp, 2003).
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